From: Subject: CALENDRICAL CHANGES AND SOTHIC CHRONOLOGY Date: Sun, 4 May 2008 18:14:16 +0300 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1255" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://localhost:8780/pubs/journals/kronos/vol0601/074calen.htm X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3198 CALENDRICAL CHANGES AND SOTHIC CHRONOLOGY

Calendrical Changes And Sothic Chronology

IMMANUEL VELIKOVSKY

At the basis of Sothic computation lie the assumptions that the = Earth, in=20 historical times, did not change its position in the solar system, or = the=20 position of its axis, or the length of its year. Should even one of = these=20 assumptions prove false, Sothic chronology loses its basis. In = Worlds in=20 Collision (Part I, Chap. 5; Part II, Chap. 8), I endeavoured to = show that=20 each of these changes took place, and more than once during = historical=20 times. There I wrote (p. 124):

"There exists a direct statement found as a gloss on a manuscript = of=20 Timaeus that a calendar of a solar year of three hundred and sixty = days was=20 introduced by the Hyksos after the fall of the Middle Kingdom; the = calendar year=20 of the Middle Kingdom apparently had fewer days" (Cf. pp. 123, 336, = 338).(1)

The cataclysm that brought the downfall of the Middle Kingdom (ca. = -1450)=20 also brought a year of different length; and for the next half-century = it was=20 not yet firmly established when a new disruption of the celestial order = took=20 place. Then, for the major part of the time till the end of the first = quarter of=20 the eighth century, a calendar of 360 days, of twelve months of thirty = days, was=20 observed in the Old as well as in the New World.

But after -776, at fifteen-year intervals, more disruptions of the = celestial=20 order took place which necessitated additional calendar reforms. New = calendars=20 were introduced whose starting points were variously marked by: the = beginning of=20 the Olympic games (-776), the Foundation of Rome (-747), the Era of = Nabonassar=20 (-747), or the time of raash (commotion) in the days of King = Uzziah=20 (-747). Also in Egypt, under Libyan rule (the eighth century), natural = events=20 caused the inauguration of a new calendar (W in C, pp. 210-211, = 239,=20 355).

Note

1. "The length of the year during the Middle Kingdom is not known = from any=20 contemporaneous document" (W in C, p. 123); the Palermo stone, = representing the=20 length of the year during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, has a year of 320 = days (L.=20 Borchardt, Quellen und Forschungen zur Zeitbestimmung der Aegyptischen=20 Geschichte, Vol. 2 (Cairo, 1935), p. 33, note).

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